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gp0001ds.fm (02) august 11, 2000 IBM43GAENGP0002 ibm global positioning satellite receiver general information page 1 of 11 1. general information 1.1 features ? fast satellite acquisition with twelve parallel tracking channels enhanced time to first fix (ttff) from battery back-up to power-on condition nmea (national marine electronics associa- tion)-0183 data protocol support standard positioning service (sps) accuracy operational flexibility, configured through user commands via the host serial port accepts user supplied initialization data via the host serial port user selectable satellites and satellite mask angles three dimensional (3d) and two dimensional (2d) navigation modes supported automatic altitude hold lets the receiver use an altitude determined in 3d navigation mode to calculate a fix in 2d navigation mode automatic cold-start acquisition process meets rigid vibration and shock requirements one pulse per second (pps) output available right angle mcx type, snap-on coaxial radio frequency (rf) jack standard 2 x 5 pin input/output connector operation over an extended temperature range: -40 c to +85 c very small footprint: 66 x 40 x 4.5 mm 1.2 description the ibm global positioning satellite (gps) receiver, IBM43GAENGP0002, is a single-board, twelve parallel-channel engine designed for oem use. the gps receiver works with a wide variety of end products including hand-held, marine, and in- vehicle automotive devices. the gps receiver processes signals from all the visible gps satellites broadcasting radio frequency (rf) navigation information. ?all-in-view? satellite tracking produces highly accurate, smoothed navi- gation data. the data is relatively immune to the position jumps that occur when fewer satellites are monitored. designed to withstand harsh industrial environments, the gps receiver performs robustly in situations (such as dense urban areas) where extreme vehicle movement or high signal blockage are concerns. when fewer than four satellites are available or when operating conditions require, the gps receiver supports 2d navigation. to calculate a fix while in 2d navigation mode, the receiver uses either the last altitude determined while in 3d navi- gation mode or data supplied by the user. satellite acquisition can be obtained under most initialization situations, as long as the receiver can ?see? the satellites. rapid time to first fix (ttff) is a feature of the twelve parallel-channel architecture of the ibm gps receiver. the flexible satellite acquisition system takes advantage of all available information to provide rapid ttff even without user initiation. to minimize ttff when primary power is removed from the receiver, a dc supply voltage maintains the real time clock (rtc). this allows the gps receiver to use the prior position data and satellite information stored in the gps receiver?s flash memory. the receiver has an independent, asynchronous serial input/output port that outputs navigation data and accepts commands in nmea-0183 or ibm binary message formats. .
IBM43GAENGP0002 ibm global positioning satellite receiver general information page 2 of 11 gp0001ds.fm (02) august 11, 2000 1.3 ordering information 1.4 receiver architecture the functional architecture of the ibm gps receiver is shown in the block diagram below. the ibm gps receiver chip set includes all the radio frequency (rf) direct sampling and amplification circuitry. these circuits present both the sign ( ) and magnitude of sampled data to the digital asic. the digital asic contains an integral microprocessor (401 powerpc ? ) and all gps signal processing hardware. memory and other supporting components are needed to make a complete navigation system. 1.5 receiver operation the receiver requires 3.3 v dc primary input power. the receiver ? s antenna must have visibility of the sky in order to acquire enough satellites to produce a navi- gation solution. while this is usually not a problem outdoors, operation indoors or in a vehicle may require that the antenna be located with an unobstructed view of the sky. if the satellites are blocked from the receiver ? s antenna, the receiver will take longer to acquire a position. if fewer than three sate llites are available, the receiver may not be able to determine a valid position solution. part number product name IBM43GAENGP0002 ibm global positioning satellite receiver figure 1: gps engine block diagram rf shield dcam input/output flash ram rtc real time clock temperature digital asic rf asic reference low noise amplifier (lna) memory rf filter connector rf connector crystal crystal
IBM43GAENGP0002 ibm global positioning satellite receiver gp0001ds.fm (02) august 11, 2000 general information page 3 of 11 1.5.1 signal acquisition modes the ibm gps receiver supports the following three signal acquisition modes, depending on the availability of critical data: table 1 below indicates the time to first fix (ttff) when operating in each of the signal acquisition modes. 1.5.2 navigation modes the gps receiver supports two navigation modes: three-dimensional (3d) and two-dimensional (2d). when four or more satellites are available with good geometry, the receiver will use the 3d navigation mode. see table 2: standard positioning service (sps) navigational accuracy on page 4 for the 3d navigation mode accuracy. when fewer than four gps satellites are available, or when a fixed altitude can be used to produce an acceptable result, the gps receiver enters the 2d navigation mode. to calculate a fix in 2d navigation mode, the receiver uses either the last altitude determined in 3d navigation mode or data supplied by the user. in 2d navigation, navigational accuracy is primarily determined by the relationship of the fixed value of altitude to the true altitude of the antenna. cold start in this mode, the receiver has valid almanac and frequency standard parameters available in memory. the receiver enters this mode on start-up when battery back- up power is not maintained. warm start in this mode, the receiver has the following valid data either available in memory or provided by the user at initialization: position, velocity, time, almanac, and frequency standard parameters. the receiver enters this mode on start-up when battery back-up power is maintained. hot start in this mode, the receiver has the following valid data available in memory: posi- tion, velocity, time, ephemeris, almanac, and frequency standard parameters. the receiver enters this mode following a software reset. table 1: signal acquisition mode performance acquisition mode time to first fix 1, 2 (seconds) initial position tolerance (3 sigma) maximum almanac age (weeks) maximum ephemeris age (hours) position (km) velocity (m/sec.) time (minutes) cold start 120 n/a 3 n/a 3 n/a 3 1n/a 3 warm start 45 100 75 5 1 n/a 3 hot start 15 100 75 5 1 4 1. 95% probability. 2. times given are valid at 25 c with no signal blockage. 3. not available in real time to the receiver.
IBM43GAENGP0002 ibm global positioning satellite receiver general information page 4 of 11 gp0001ds.fm (02) august 11, 2000 full horizontal position accuracy for c/a is 20 m cep. 1.5.3 power modes the ibm gps receiver has the following three power modes: caution: during off and battery backup modes, de-energize the reset pin and the serial port. do not drive to a logic ? high ? level. 1.5.4 power-up sequence power-up works the same way from either the off mode or the battery backup mode. the host system supplies power as specified in table 3 below to the pwr pin of the gps receiver connector. if the reset pin is at logic ? high ? when dc power is applied, the receiver begins normal operation in approximately 200 milliseconds. table 2: standard positioning service (sps) navigational accuracy position (meters) horizontal 3d vertical circular error probability (cep) two dimensional root mean square (2d rms) 42 100 (95%) 1 187 (95%) 1 156 (95%) 1 1. percentage of time this accuracy is attained. off mode the receiver is completely de-energized at all dc supplies, input signals, and control signals. operate mode the receiver operates normally when energized by +3.3 .3 v dc. the reset control signal must be at a cmos logic ? high ? level. battery backup mode the receiver enters battery backup mode when the primary input power voltage is removed, provided an external dc supply is connected to the real time clock (rtc) terminal. if the receiver is powered up in this mode, it uses the current time from the rtc and critical satellite data stored in flash memory to achieve rapid ttff. table 3: external power requirements power parameter requirement by mode operate mode battery backup mode voltage 3.3 v dc 10% 1.0 to 3.0 v dc power consumption (typical) 250 ma 4 a power consumption (maximum) 300 ma 10 a ripple peak-to-peak (p-p) 100 mv n/a
IBM43GAENGP0002 ibm global positioning satellite receiver gp0001ds.fm (02) august 11, 2000 general information page 5 of 11 1.6 technical specifications 1.6.1 signal acquisition performance for more information, refer to table 1: signal acquisition mode performance on page 3. values are based on unobstructed satellite signals. 1.6.2 antenna requirements 1.6.3 power requirements the regulated power requirements are described in table 3: external power requirements on page 4. when the gps receiver is operated with an active gps antenna, the antenna ? s maximum pre-amp, pass-through current on v_ant is 100 ma at voltages up to +12 v dc. pass-through current must be limited outside the receiver. accuracy accuracy is a function of the entire gps system, including the geometry of the satellites at the time of measurement. individual gps receivers have very little influence over position accuracy. navigational accuracies based on the standard positioning service (sps) are provided in table 2: standard positioning service (sps) navigational accuracy on page 4. these figures are based on a geographic dilution of precision (gdop) of 6.0. solution update rate once per second re-acquisition less than one second typical with a ten second blockage time mark once per second ( 500 ns) serial data output protocol ibm binary or nmea-0183 frequency 1575 mhz 2 mhz antenna gain 75 dbic typical at zenith vswr 1.2:1 typical 1.5:1 maximum (active) temperature -40 o c to +95 o c filtering -27.0 db typical at 50 mhz noise figure 1.5 db maximum gain 33 dbic 2 db (cable loss of approximately .42 db per foot is not included) voltage protection zener diode limited
IBM43GAENGP0002 ibm global positioning satellite receiver general information page 6 of 11 gp0001ds.fm (02) august 11, 2000 1.6.4 rf signal environment 1.6.5 physical characteristics 1.6.6 environmental requirements rf input 1575.42 mhz (l1 band) at a level between -100 dbm and -133 dbm rf connector 50 ? standard right-angle mcx snap-on coaxial rf jack dimensions 66 mm x 40 mm x 4.5 mm with an mcx right-angle coaxial rf jack and a standard 2 x 5 pin-field input/output connector weight 18 grams cooling (operating/storage) free air convection temperature (operating/storage) -40 c to +85 c humidity relative humidity up to 95% non-condensing or a wet-bulb temperature of +35 c, whichever is less altitude -1000 feet to +60,000 feet maximum vehicle dynamic 515 meters per second (acquisition and navigation) vibration and shock per mil-std-167 jerk 5 m/s 3 acceleration 4 g
IBM43GAENGP0002 ibm global positioning satellite receiver gp0001ds.fm (02) august 11, 2000 general information page 7 of 11 1.6.7 input/output signals refer to table 4 , below. table 4: input/output connections pin number signal name description 1pwr main power input to the receiver. input power requirements are defined in table 3: external power requirements on page 4. 2 gnd dc ground for the receiver. 3tx1 primary asynchronous full-duplex serial data port transmit (tx) line. ibm binary and nmea message protocols are supported. the default settings are: message format ibm binary baud 19200 bps parity none data bits 8 stop bit 1 for additional information, see the ibm gps receiver evaluation kit user manual. 4rx1 primary asynchronous full-duplex serial data port receive (rx) line. ibm binary and nmea message protocols are supported. the default settings are: message format ibm binary baud 19200 bps parity none data bits 8 stop bit 1 for additional information, see the ibm gps receiver evaluation kit user manual. 5 gpio1 no connection. reserved for general purpose input/output. 6 rx2 auxiliary asynchronous serial data port receive (rx) line. 7 reset pull low (gnd) to generate a system reset. must be held low for a minimum of 100 ns. 8 v_ant provides a power connection to the pre-amp of the active antenna. 9 v_rtc provides a back-up power connection for the receiver ? s real time clock. 1.0 to 3.0 v dc. 10 tmark utc time-mark pulse, one pulse per second. an ibm binary message contains the utc time associated with the time-mark pulse.
IBM43GAENGP0002 ibm global positioning satellite receiver general information page 8 of 11 gp0001ds.fm (02) august 11, 2000 1.6.8 mechanical layout figure 2: gps receiver dimensions 18.19 2.75 7.49 4.89 mcx jack 4.57 pin 9 .35 2.67 2.49 +.12 -.05 4 holes 1.59 .50 sq type 6.00 10 pin 2mm x 2mm header 6.92 8.10 all dimensions are in millimeters. pin 1 pin 10 pin 2 diameter 40.00 47.77 66.00
IBM43GAENGP0002 ibm global positioning satellite receiver gp0001ds.fm (02) august 11, 2000 general information page 9 of 11 1.7 message definitions table 5: ibm binary output messages binary message description default on onvd navigation solution data yes osat visible satellites yes ochs channel status yes onoc navigation operational configuration once at power-up/reset onvc navigation validity configuration once at power-up/reset onpc navigation platform configuration no ocsc cold start configuration once at power-up/reset oema elevation mask angle configuration once at power-up/reset odtm map datum select no odtu user datum definition no otmp utc time mark pulse yes oald download almanac data no oepd download ephemeris data no outd download utc/iono data no oshm satellite health masking configuration no osid receiver software id once at power-up/reset obit built-in-test results no ofsh command flash upload (ack) no ofms flash memory status no table 6: ibm binary input messages binary message description init navigation initialization inoc navigation operational configuration invc navigation validity configuration inpc navigation platform configuration icsc cold start configuration iema elevation mask angle configuration idtm map datum select idtu user datum definition iald command almanac upload iepd command ephemeris upload iutd command utc/iono upload ishm satellite health masking configuration irst command reset
IBM43GAENGP0002 ibm global positioning satellite receiver general information page 10 of 11 gp0001ds.fm (02) august 11, 2000 ifsh command flash upload ilog message log control iioc input/output port configuration impc message protocol configuration ibit command built-in-test table 7: nmea output messages nmea message description default on sid software version (ibm proprietary) once at power-up/reset gga gps fix data yes gll geographic position: latitude/longitude no gsa gps dop and active satellites yes gsv gps satellites in view yes rmc recommended minimum specific gps/transit data yes vtg track made good and ground speed no zda time and date no table 8: ibm proprietary nmea input messages nmea message description int receiver initialization log message log control ioc input/output port configuration mpc message protocol configuration rst command reset table 6: ibm binary input messages (continued) binary message description
IBM43GAENGP0002 ibm global positioning satellite receiver gp0001ds.fm (02) august 11, 2000 revision log page 11 of 11 revision log revision date contents of modification october 1999 initial release. october 29, 1999 first revision (01) corrections to table 7: nmea output messages on page 10. august 11, 2000 second revision (02). revised section 1.1 features on page 1. - added and deleted features. - reorganized. revised section 1.2 description on page 1. rewritten. replaced figure 1: gps engine block diagram on page 2. revised section 1.5 receiver operation on page 2. - renamed. - defined signal acquisition modes. added section 1.6.2 antenna requirements on page 5. revised section 1.6.6 environmental requirements on page 6. revised table 4: input/output connections on page 7. redrew figure 2: gps receiver dimensions on page 8. replaced section 1.7 message definitions on page 9. made minor improvements to wording throughout.
? copyright and disclaimer ? copyright international business machines corporation 1999, 2000 all rights reserved printed in the united states of america august 2000 the following are trademarks of international business machines corporation in the united states, or other countries, or both. ibm ibm logo powerpc ? other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. all information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. the products described in this document are not intended for use in implantation or other life support applications where malfunction may result in injury or death to persons. the information contained in this document does not affect or change ibm product specifications or warran- ties. nothing in this document shall operate as an express or implied license or indemnity under the intellectual property rights of ibm or third parties. all information contained in this document was obtained in specific environments, and is pre- sented as an illustration. the results obtained in other operating environments may vary. the information contained in this document is provided on an ? as is ? basis. in no event will ibm be liable for damages arising directly or indirectly from any use of the information contained in this document. ibm microelectronics division 1580 route 52, bldg. 504 hopewell junction, ny 12533-6351 the ibm home page can be found at http://www.ibm.com the ibm microelectronics division home page can be found at http://www.chips.ibm.com IBM43GAENGP0002 gp0001ds.fm august 11, 2000

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